Submerged arc welding with wire electrode is an arc welding process particularly suited for fully mechanized joint welding of steel in the plate thickness range above 10 mm. The arc burns under a loosely piled layer of mineral powder, melting the continuously supplied wire electrode, the base material, and the surrounding welding powder locally at the weld joint. This process has largely replaced manual arc welding with coated stick electrodes in shipbuilding, container construction, bridge construction, and pipe manufacturing due to its cost-effectiveness. The automation required experimental investigations to determine favorable welding conditions for the various welding tasks, with some examples listed in the documentation.