Humans are only minimally determined by innate instincts and behavioral patterns. Instead, concrete experiences, thoughts, and actions develop through social learning processes. These can be characterized as a "second, socio-cultural birth" (Claessens 1979) of the individual. The term socialization was first used in sociology by Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). Durkheim understands socialization as all "the effects of the adult generation on those who are not yet mature, socialization for life in society" (Durkheim 1972:50). Thus, socialization generally encompasses the processes through which individuals acquire socially given habits, patterns of action, values, and norms. The fundamental questions of older socialization research are: How do individuals become members of society?.