Experiments and simulations have now become an integral part of the established research methods in the economic and social sciences. In basic research, laboratory experiments are used to accurately test explanations of social behavior and actions, while field and natural experiments aim to represent real action conditions. Agent-based simulations, on the other hand, allow for the examination of complex and repeated interactions between individuals. The yearbook presents the potential of these two new research methods. The first part describes the methodological foundations and assumptions of social science experiments and agent-based simulations. The contributions in the second part exemplify the range of laboratory and field experiments and simulations in political and social science research.