In recent years, new terms such as gender mainstreaming and managing diversity have shaped institutionalized equality policies. Although not without controversy, these political strategies and concepts have sparked a true flood of activities: specialized groups and gender representatives are being established in organizations and companies everywhere. The training and education market is booming. Women's and gender studies have not been integrated into the scientific mainstream in a comparable way. From their perspective, the new equality policies are being critically observed. The question is being discussed whether these policies not only ignore but even undermine the results of newer gender theories. The contributions in this volume critically re-examine the theoretical foundation of gender policy: What underpins the competence and responsibility for equality?.