The much-discussed changed childhood requires a new childhood research approach. Traditional child sciences such as pediatrics, educational sciences, developmental psychology, and interdisciplinary socialization research have examined the transformation of socialization conditions within a childhood and socialization model of classical modernity. However, as the image of childhood and the self-presentation of childhood have become blurred, fragmented, and heterogeneous, the social constitution of this social phenomenon, the social positioning and placement of children, as well as their situational management, must be re-examined from the ground up. Childhood has transitioned from a social moratorium to a social laboratory. This comprehensive introduction to the sociology of childhood aims to illuminate the process of social constitution from a social constructivist perspective.