Induced parental alienation has been described in psychiatric literature for over 60 years, but it was only named independently by six researchers or research groups in the 1980s and 1990s. Wallerstein and Kelly, Johnston and Roseby refer to pathological adjustment and visitation refusal; Clawar and Rivlin discuss programmed and indoctrinated children; Kelly and Johnston mention the alienated child; Warshak refers to pathological alienation; Gardner, Kopetski and Kopetski, Rand and Rand describe the parental alienation syndrome; and Bernet speaks of parental alienation disorder or parental alienation. Although parental alienation is already enshrined in the legislation of various countries, such as Brazil, and has been incorporated into the jurisdiction of the courts, it remains a matter for the courts.