This book provides essential foundational knowledge for all medical professionals and nursing staff dealing with neurosurgical intensive care patients. It focuses on the most common medical conditions, treatment protocols, and clinical as well as technical monitoring procedures. Clinically, it addresses consciousness disorders, cranial nerve deficits, and central motor and speech disturbances. The technical monitoring procedures include monitoring intracranial pressure, EEG, evoked potentials, cerebral blood flow, and sonographic methods. There is a comprehensive chapter on the monitoring and treatment of emergency patients, including those with traumatic brain injuries, aneurysms, brain abscesses, and spinal trauma, as well as a chapter on patients after elective surgeries. At the end of the book, the topic of brain death is discussed, and the most important scales and scores in neurosurgery are clearly summarized.