This second volume of Statistics for Psychologists deals with inferential statistics and the probability theory required for it. They form the backbone of the empirical testing of psychological theories. The concept of probability is clarified in probability theory, and practical application is practiced. Important distributions and their parameters are discussed. Following this, the fundamentals of inferential statistics are introduced, and a series of statistical tests that are commonly used in psychology are presented. This introduction to statistical methods provides students with a comprehension-oriented entry into the study of statistical procedures, which are a central component of psychology studies. Statistical methods and theoretical content formation exhibit many parallels.