How did one of the key players in the academic field deal with Jewish scholars, and what consequences did this have for those affected? Karin Orth systematically analyzes the German Research Foundation's (DFG) treatment of Jewish scholars for the first time. The author examines which measures taken by the DFG from 1920 to the early 1960s impacted Jewish scholars or those labeled as 'non-Aryan' or 'Jewishly related.' Through the biographies of those affected, she illustrates the full spectrum of individual experiences of persecution and recurring patterns: resistance and suicide, exile in Turkey or flight to the USA, deportation and the Holocaust, survival in Nazi Germany. Lastly, she asks: Who returned to the DFG after the war, and how did the organization respond to those persecuted by the Nazis? As the largest and most important self-administration.