2014 marks the 100th anniversary of the beginning of World War I – a time to take a different perspective on this 'original catastrophe of the 20th century.' Until now, (medical) historical research has primarily focused on psychologically traumatized soldiers. But how did 'civilian' psychiatric patients perceive the militarized German Empire and the war from 1914 to 1918? The Prinzhorn Collection in Heidelberg, a unique treasure of humanity, holds thousands of artworks created by inmates of psychiatric institutions between 1840 and 1930. As part of a multi-year research project, the Prinzhorn Collection has examined the artistic reactions of psychiatric patients to militarism and war, and has assembled a selection of these works for an exhibition. This exhibition will be presented for the first time in a military context.