The demand for labor and the career aspirations of many young people seem to be increasingly diverging. Key issues include a lack of vocational maturity and a shortage of skilled workers, the decline of vocational education, and an obsession with academic qualifications, alongside a stagnation in natural and engineering sciences programs while humanities and social sciences are overcrowded. As part of the countermeasures, schools are also expected to contribute by providing more and, above all, better career guidance than before. The contributions in this volume help to navigate the complex field of career orientation. It includes, in addition to foundational pedagogical principles, primarily works that examine the topics of career orientation and career choice decisions through empirical research methods and offer suggestions for improvements. With contributions from Manfred Ecker.