In the training and education of future generations of medical professionals, the requirements for key competencies—alongside specialized knowledge and clinical skills—are gaining increasing importance. But what competency profiles are demanded in the field of human medicine by the job market across various medical professions? To what extent does the existing training and education meet these demands? This book uniquely addresses these questions and opens them up for discussion. The essential skills required for the medical profession are detailed individually. The book concludes with a dialogue that presents different mental models regarding this overarching issue, ultimately leading to a shared reflection on the fundamental necessities of rethinking. In this sense, the book brings together the present and the future.