Against the backdrop of the growing global significance of religion and spirituality in psychiatry, psychology, and psychotherapy, Muslim psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychotherapists have increasingly engaged with the idea of an Islamic psychology since the late 1970s. This involves examining which concepts in theory and practice can be developed from the perspective of the Islamic understanding of humanity and the self-conception as a religion of faith and action. This volume brings together important theoretical and application-oriented contributions on the relationship between Islamic and psychological thought. It provides an overview of the development of the discussion over the past 40 years and presents the central aspects of the current discourse. In a detailed introduction, the editors outline the theoretical framework.