The myth that the ancient Greeks were civilized by the East has become outdated in light of new knowledge. It is high time for an updated awareness of cultural-historical realities to take its place. Recent findings from cultural studies, archaeology, and research on language contact point in the following direction: The foundation of Greek antiquity is not a self-made construct of the Greeks nor a cultural import from outside Europe, but largely stems from an older indigenous cultural tradition. The so-called "Greek" cultural heritage of our Western civilization is a multicultural product in a positive sense, a cultural symbiosis whose roots trace back to the European Neolithic. This book explores how the people of the Hellenes emerged from locals and migrants.