The revised edition of Thinking and Calculating is designed to equally promote process-related and content-related mathematical competencies. To enable children to learn and succeed as independently as possible, Thinking and Calculating features recurring task formats. This way, children can tackle new, challenging, and problem-oriented questions using familiar formats or even discover them on their own. Planning, testing, evaluating, and discarding calculation and solution methods are integral to the mathematical learning process for children. Therefore, Thinking and Calculating increasingly encourages and supports self-directed problem-solving approaches and engagement with them, for example, in calculation conferences. Many tasks are designed to facilitate partner or group work, creating additional communication opportunities while fostering independence and self-organization.