The literature on what Armenians refer to as the first genocide of the twentieth century and what most Turks describe as an event of intercommunal war and resettlement during wartime is extensive and globally contentious. This explosive dispute strains relations between Turkey and Armenia and heightens tensions in an already volatile region. Aggressive members of the Armenian diaspora are pushing for the recognition of the Armenian genocide by their respective parliaments, politicizing this historical issue. In this conflict, the key question is not the extent of Armenian suffering, but rather the question of intent—whether the Young Turks deliberately organized the massacres that took place during World War I. Today, the situation is highly polarized and characterized by two opposing positions.