"Kingdom of God and Christianity" was primarily created between 1947 and 1951. When Ulrich Neuenschwander published the first part from Albert Schweitzer's estate in 1967, he had to assume that no more was included; however, in 1977, the manuscript of the second part came to light. This work, which Schweitzer himself once referred to as his 'theological testament,' is being published in its entirety for the first time here. In this work, Schweitzer unfolds the history of biblical eschatological concepts. The first part provides a brief overview of the Kingdom of God as understood by the prophets and apocalyptic writers, followed by a comprehensive examination of eschatology in the teachings of Jesus and Paul. The second part traces the lines to the present day and explores the question of how Jesus' proclamation of a transcendent and future Kingdom of God is understood in the Church.