"In a time of such a great lack of literature, what can a person of genius do other than transform themselves into a literature solely for their own sake?" This is how Fernando Pessoa articulated his life project: he invented a series of writers, providing them with biographies, horoscopes, and even business cards. He gave them books to write and created an entire drama out of these characters, for "in a time of such a great lack of like-minded people, what can a sensitive person do other than invent their friends or at least their kindred spirits?" On the cutting edge of modernity, caught between technological enthusiasm and lost faith, his heteronyms circled around the question of whether the perceived distance from God might actually herald a "return of the gods." Pessoa posed this challenge.