The cocaine writings of Freud, published between 1884 and 1887, are among his early works. They were created during a crisis in his life: the young doctor, whose professional existence was not yet secure, was eager to make a name for himself quickly with a sensational achievement in order to settle down, marry, and establish a household. Therefore, he began to experiment with the then largely unknown alkaloid cocaine on himself and others, using it with patients to combat weakness and mood disorders, as well as for morphine withdrawal. Initially, it seemed successful, but soon he was accused of underestimating the dangerous addictive properties of cocaine. Except for the first one, Freud later viewed his cocaine publications very critically; he spoke of.