This work presents and describes for the first time the fully exposed root systems of 78 trees and shrubs in 188 drawings and 1,200 color images. This comprehensive representation is supplemented by an explanation of the anatomical structure of roots based on root sections. Previous representations of roots typically only describe the area close to the stem, which can lead to incorrect conclusions. The current presentation also conveys the spatial distribution of root mass and highlights the impact of environmental influences on root shape. The extensive visual material serves as the foundation for both a general and a species-specific description, thereby providing a deeper understanding of the different habitat requirements of the species. This allows for far-reaching conclusions, for example, for successful and site-appropriate establishment and management of forest stands. Notably, the extensive consideration of fine roots is emphasized for the first time, along with a clear representation of the entire root spread.