Theoretical foundations and relevant factual information: The computer in our head - thinking as a process of information processing. What happens in the brain during thinking? Results from brain research. Feeling pressure, gaining an overview - thinking and emotion. Is there more than just thinking? The concept of metacognition and the most important training methods. Suggestions, examples, and practical exercises for acquiring metacognitive skills: What happens in my mind while thinking? The technique of thinking aloud. Tackling difficult tasks strategically - self-questioning technique. The developmental story of my thinking and learning - learning diary. My (meta-)cognitive toolbox - portfolio. Understanding texts better, overcoming thinking difficulties - reading competence and problem-solving. Optimizing thinking and learning in further education: Eleven important tips for course leaders. Questionnaire for practical use and as a guide for methodological decisions. The questionnaire results: foundation and guide for learning counseling.