"Those who love Mozart must pay attention to Graener," was stated in a Franconian newspaper in the early 1930s after Paul Graener's suite The Flute of Sanssouci (op. 88) premiered in Würzburg. But who was this highly esteemed composer at the time, who held significant positions as a music educator and music politician, and whose works were among the most performed of his era between 1920 and 1940? A comprehensive account of Graener's influential work in England, Austria, and many cities in Germany, his relationship with the Nazi regime as Vice President of the Reich Music Chamber, and his extensive compositional output is now available for the first time. This account, aided by numerous previously unpublished documents, traces the life of an artist whose experiences exemplify the period between the German Empire and the Third Reich, particularly in relation to Graener's actions between music and politics.