In recent years, sonography of the peripheral nervous system has gained widespread acceptance. New diagnostic applications have emerged, and the field of ultrasound-guided interventions has significantly expanded. Regional anesthesia, peripheral nerve blocks, and similar techniques are now commonly performed under ultrasound guidance by anesthetists and pain therapists. This atlas of peripheral nerve sonography is designed to meet the daily needs of both radiologists and clinicians by allowing for a quick review of typical features, the knowledge of which is crucial for successful diagnosis and intervention. The side-by-side presentation of ultrasound images with anatomical cryosections and photographs of transducer positions enables reliable sonographic identification of even the smallest nerves in regions with complex topography. The practical value of the atlas is further enhanced by additional information.