"Neolithic Childhood. Art in a False Present, c. 1930" is a profound examination of the role of art in various temporal contexts. The publication highlights the tensions between the autonomy of art and its social and religious functions, particularly in the context of modern capitalist society. In the turbulent years of the 1920s to 1940s, the necessity of reviving the once-ubiquitous functionality of art is addressed. The essays and primary texts by Carl Einstein, a prominent critic of modernity, provide a unique insight into the surrealist primitivism debate and the idea of a hallucinatory retro-utopia. This comprehensive documentation includes not only theoretical considerations but also visual representations of the accompanying exhibition, which explores the connections between art, ethnology, and human history.